Travel like Tyler

Its come to my nose the ideas of time traveling. I have taken upon great lusts for information on all aspects of time travel and the relevance it has on the theories of time travel. So like many others before my time and those in it, I too have developed my ideas. I and the author, 'The Operation Room (http://operationroom.blogspot.com) and 'Soul Tears(http://soultears.blogspot.com) The Surgeon/Forever Hollow, have a theory.

For more in depth explanation or for a more clear understanding of any part of this theory(s), please read "Note To The Ghost" at http://operationroom.blogspot.com


Imagine the fact that one could travel in time. Well before I go on let me throw some things at you to get an understanding of all ideas of time Travel.

"The "presentist" view
Main article: Presentism (philosophy of time)
Presentism holds that neither the future nor the past exist; that the matter of the universe only exists in the present moment, that time is merely a concept of man used to describe what is going on around him. This means that there is nowhere for a time traveller to go, thus rendering the whole topic of time travel null and void. This view argues that time does not flow, but that observations of time's apparent movement are simply the relation of old memory to the present, or instant. [3]"

The equivalence of time travel and faster-than-light travel
If one were able to move information or matter from one point to another faster than light, then according to special relativity, there would be an observer who sees this transfer as allowing information or matter to travel into the past. Additionally, faster than light travel along suitable paths would correspond to travel backward in time as seen by all observers. This results simply from the geometry of spacetime and the role of the speed of light in that geometry.
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Time dilation
Main article: Time dilation
Time dilation is permitted by Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity. These theories state that, relative to a stationary observer, time appears to pass more slowly for faster-moving bodies, or bodies that are within a deep gravity well. [4] For example, a moving clock will appear to run slow; as a clock approaches the speed of light it will appear to slow to a stop. This has given rise to the popular twin paradox. General relativity states that a similar effect would occur if the clock were to be close to a black hole.
Time can be apparently sped up for living organisms through hibernation, where the body temperature and metabolic rate of the creature is reduced. A more extreme version of this is suspended animation, where the rates of chemical processes in the subject would be severely reduced.
Time dilation and suspended animation only allow "travel" to the future, never the past, so they do not violate causality, and arguably should not be considered time travel.
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"Special spacetime geometries
The general theory of relativity extends the special theory to cover gravity, describing it in terms of curvature in spacetime caused by mass-energy and the flow of momentum. General relativity describes the universe under a system of "field equations," and there exist solutions to these equations that permit what are called "closed time-like curves," and hence time travel into the past.[2] The first and most famous of these was proposed by Kurt Gödel, but his (and many others's) examples require the universe to have physical characteristics that it does not appear to have.[2] Whether general relativity forbids closed time-like curves for all realistic conditions is unknown."

"Using wormholes

A wormhole
A proposed time-travel machine using a wormhole would (hypothetically) work something like this: A wormhole is created somehow. One end of the wormhole is accelerated to nearly the speed of light, perhaps with an advanced spaceship, and then brought back to the point of origin. Due to time dilation, the accelerated end of the wormhole has now experienced less subjective passage of time than the stationary end. An object that goes into the stationary end would come out of the other end in the past relative to the time when it enters. One significant limitation of such a time machine is that it is only possible to go as far back in time as the initial creation of the machine[5]; in essence, it is more of a path through time than it is a device that itself moves through time, and it would not allow the technology itself to be moved backwards in time. This could provide an alternative explanation for Hawking's observation: a time machine will be built someday, but has not yet been built, so the tourists from the future cannot reach this far back in time.
According to current theories on the nature of wormholes, creating a wormhole of a size useful for a person or spacecraft, keeping it stable, and moving one end of it around would require significant energy, many orders of magnitude more than the Sun can produce in its lifetime. Construction of a wormhole would also require the existence of a substance known as "exotic matter", which, while not known to be impossible, is also not known to exist in forms useful for wormhole construction (but see for example the Casimir effect). Therefore it is unlikely such a device will ever be constructed, even with highly advanced technology. On the other hand, microscopic wormholes could still be useful for sending information back in time.
Matt Visser argued in 1993 that the two mouths of a wormhole with such an induced clock difference could not be brought together without inducing quantum field and gravitational effects that would either make the wormhole collapse or the two mouths repel each other. [6] Because of this, the two mouths could not be brought close enough for causality violation to take place. However, in a 1997 paper, Visser hypothesized that a complex "Roman ring" (named after Tom Roman) configuration of an N number of wormholes arranged in a symmetric polygon could still act as a time machine, although he concludes that this is more likely than not a flaw in classical quantum gravity theory rather than proof that causality violation is possible. [7]
Another approach — attributed to Frank Tipler, [8] but invented independently by Willem Jacob van Stockum [9] in 1936 and Kornel Lanczos [10] in 1924 — involves a spinning cylinder. If a cylinder is long, and dense, and spins fast enough about its long axis, then a spaceship flying around the cylinder on a spiral path could travel back in time (or forward, depending on the direction of its spiral). However, the density and speed required is so great that ordinary matter is not strong enough to construct it. A similar device might be built from a cosmic string, but none are known to exist, and it does not seem to be possible to create a new cosmic string.
Physicist Robert Forward noted that a naïve application of general relativity to quantum mechanics suggests another way to build a time machine. A heavy atomic nucleus in a strong magnetic field would elongate into a cylinder, whose density and "spin" are enough to build a time machine. Gamma rays projected at it might allow information (not matter) to be sent back in time. However, he pointed out that until we have a single theory combining relativity and quantum mechanics, we will have no idea whether such speculations are nonsense.[citation needed]
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Using quantum entanglement
Quantum-mechanical phenomena such as quantum teleportation, the EPR paradox, or quantum entanglement might appear to create a mechanism that allows for faster-than-light (FTL) communication or time travel, and in fact some interpretations of quantum mechanics such as the Bohm interpretation presume that some information is being exchanged between particles instantaneously in order to maintain correlations between particles.[citation needed] This effect was referred to as "spooky action at a distance" by Einstein.
Nevertheless, the rules of quantum mechanics curiously appear to prevent an outsider from using these methods to actually transmit useful information, and therefore do not appear to allow for time travel or FTL communication. The fact that these quantum phenomena apparently do not allow FTL/time travel is often overlooked in popular press coverage of quantum teleportation experiments. How the rules of quantum mechanics work to preserve causality is an active area of research.
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The possibility of paradoxes
The Novikov self-consistency principle and recent calculations by Kip S. Thorne[citation needed] indicate that simple masses passing through time travel wormholes could never engender paradoxes—there are no initial conditions that lead to paradox once time travel is introduced. If his results can be generalised, they would suggest, curiously, that none of the supposed paradoxes formulated in time travel stories can actually be formulated at a precise physical level: that is, that any situation you can set up in a time travel story turns out to permit many consistent solutions. The circumstances might, however, turn out to be almost unbelievably strange.[citation needed]
Parallel universes might provide a way out of paradoxes. Everett's many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics suggests that all possible quantum events can occur in mutually exclusive histories.[citation needed] These alternate, or parallel, histories would form a branching tree symbolizing all possible outcomes of any interaction.
Daniel Greenberger and Karl Svozil proposed that quantum theory gives a model for time travel without paradoxes. [11] In quantum theory observation causes possible states to 'collapse' into one measured state; hence, the past observed from the present is deterministic (it has only one possible state), but the present observed from the past has many possible states until our actions cause it to collapse into one state. Our actions will then be seen to have been inevitable.
Since all possibilities exist, any paradoxes can be explained by having the paradoxical events happening in a different universe. This concept is most often used in science-fiction. However, in actuality, physicists believe that such interaction or interference between these histories is not possible (see Chronology protection conjecture).
A further suggestion related to paradoxes suggests that time travel will never exist, even if theoretically possible. The reasoning is that as long as time travel exists, history will change, and will only become static when a timeline is reached in which no time travel exists and thus no further changes can be made. Assuming there is only a single dimension of time, the timeline we perceive must be the one that exists after all changes (if any) are made, and thus we will never perceive the invention of time travel, since it will have already destabilised itself out of the timeline by the time we would have reached it.[citation needed]
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Time travel and the direction of time
Main article: Arrow of time
The notion of time travel tacitly assumes that there exists an arrow of time, the direction from the past to the future. However, there are only a few equations of physics which would give rise to such a direction of time, the main one being the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy increases with time. This means that the direction of time may not be a fundamental intrinsic property of the universe, which would mean that the notion of time travel is also not fundamental to the universe.[citation needed]
Without a fundamental notion of time travel there can be no fundamental problems with time travel. Without an intrinsic direction of time, time can be viewed as a "static" coordinate similar to other spacetime coordinates.[citation needed] From this point of view, the Novikov self-consistency principle is a tautology, a demand that hardly needs to be questioned, which automatically prevents causal paradoxes.
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Time travel and the anthropic principle
It has been suggested by physicists such as Max Tegmark that the absence of time travel and the existence of causality may be due to the anthropic principle. The argument is that a universe which allows for time travel and closed time-like loops is one in which intelligence could not evolve because it would be impossible for a being to sort events into a past and future or to make predictions or comprehend the world around them.[citation needed]
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Time travel in fiction
Main article: Time travel in fiction
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Types of time travel
Time travel themes in science fiction and the media can generally be grouped into two main types and a third, less common type (based on effect—methods are extremely varied and numerous), each of which is further subdivided. These type classifications do not address the issue of time travel itself, i.e. how to travel through time, but instead call to attention differing rules of the time line.
1. The time line is consistent and can never be changed.
1.1 One does not have full control of the time travel. One example of this is The Morphail Effect. This concept of time can be referred to as circular causation. For exampes of circular causation, see Robert A. Heinlein's story By His Bootstraps.
1.2 The Novikov self-consistency principle applies (named after Dr. Igor Dmitrievich Novikov, Professor of Astrophysics at Copenhagen University). The principle states that if you travel in time, you cannot act in such a way so as to create a paradox.
1.3 Any event that appears to have changed a time line has instead created a new one.
1.3.1 Such an event can be the life line existence of a human (or other intelligence) such that manipulation of history ends up with there being more than one of the same individual, sometimes called time clones.
1.3.2 The new time line may be a copy of the old one with changes caused by the time traveler. For example there is the Accumulative Audience Paradox where multitudes of time traveler tourists wish to attend some event in the life of Jesus or some other historical figure, where history tells us there were no such multitudes. Each tourist arrives in a reality that is a copy of the original with the added people, and no way for the tourist to travel back to the original time line.
2. The time line is flexible and is subject to change.
2.1 The time line is extremely change resistant and requires great effort to change it. Small changes will only alter the immediate future and events will conspire to maintain constant events in the far future; only large changes will alter events in the distant future.
2.2 The time line is easily changed (example: Doctor Who, where the time line is fluid and changes often naturally).
3. The time line is consistent, but only insofar as its consistency can be verified.
3.1 The Novikov self-consistency principle applies, but if and only if it is verified to apply. Attempts to travel into the past to change events are possible, but provided that:
-They do not interfere with the occurrence of such an attempt in the present (as would be the case in the Grandfather Paradox), and
-The change is never ultimately verified to occur by the traveller (e.g. there is no possibility of returning to the present to witness the change).
There are also numerous science fiction stories allegedly about time travel that are not internally consistent, where the traveler makes all kinds of changes to some historical time, but we do not get to see any consequences of this in our present day.[citation needed]
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Immutable timelines
Time travel in a type 1 universe does not allow any paradoxes, although in 1.3, events can appear to be paradoxical.
In 1.1, time travel is constrained to prevent paradox. If one attempts to make a paradox, one undergoes involuntary or uncontrolled time travel. Michael Moorcock uses a form of this principle and calls it The Morphail Effect. In the time-travel stories of Connie Willis, time travelers encounter "slippage" which prevents them from either reaching the intended time or translates them a sufficient distance from their destination at the intended time, as to prevent any paradox from occurring.
Example: A man who travels into the past and intends to shoot his grandfather as a young boy finds himself snapped back to the present as he's about to pull the trigger.
In 1.2, the Novikov self-consistency principle asserts that the existence of a method of time travel constrains events to remain self-consistent (i.e. no paradoxes). This will cause any attempt to violate such consistency to fail, even if extremely improbable events are required.
Example: You have a device that can send a single bit of information back to itself at a precise moment in time. You receive a bit at 10:00:00 p.m., then no bits for thirty seconds after that. If you send a bit back to 10:00:00 p.m., everything works fine. However, if you try to send a bit to 10:00:15 p.m. (a time at which no bit was received), your transmitter will mysteriously fail. Or your dog will distract you for fifteen seconds. Or your transmitter will appear to work, but as it turns out your receiver failed at exactly 10:00:15 p.m., etc. Two examples of this kind of universe is found in Timemaster, a novel by Dr. Robert Forward, and the 1980 Jeannot Szwarc film Somewhere In Time (based on Richard Matheson's novel Bid Time Return).
An example which could conceivably fall into either 1.1 or 1.2 can be seen in book and film versions of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Harry and Hermione go back in time to change history. As they do so it becomes apparent that they are simply performing actions that were previously seen in the story, although neither the characters nor the reader were aware of the causes of those actions at the time. This is another example of the predestination paradox. It is arguable, however, that the mechanics of time travel actually prevented any paradoxes, firstly, by preventing them from realizing a priori that time travel was occurring and secondly, by enabling them to recall the precise action to take at the precise time and keep history consistent.
In 1.3, any event that appears to have caused a paradox has instead created a new time line. The old time line remains unchanged, with the time traveller or information sent simply having vanished, never to return. A difficulty with this explanation, however, is that conservation of mass-energy would be violated for the origin timeline and the destination timeline. A possible solution to this is to have the mechanics of time travel require that mass-energy be exchanged in precise balance between past and future at the moment of travel, or to simply expand the scope of the conservation law to encompass all timelines. Some examples of this kind of time travel can be found in David Gerrold's book The Man Who Folded Himself, the Robert Zemeckis film Back to the Future Part II (1989), The Time Ships by Stephen Baxter and the (1994) film Star Trek: Generations.
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Mutable timelines
Time travel in a Type 2 universe is much more difficult to explain. The biggest problem is how to explain changes in the past. One method of explanation is that once the past changes, so too do the memories of all observers. This would mean that no observer would ever observe the changing of the past (because they will not remember changing the past). This would make it hard to tell whether you are in a Type 1 universe or a Type 2 universe. You could, however, infer such information by knowing if a) communication with the past were possible or b) it appeared that the time line had never been changed as a result of an action someone remembers taking, although evidence exists that other people are changing their time lines fairly often. An example of this kind of universe is presented in Thrice Upon a Time, a novel by James P. Hogan.
Larry Niven suggests that in a type 2.1 universe, the most efficient way for the universe to "correct" a change is for time travel to never be discovered, and that in a type 2.2 universe, the very large (or infinite) number of time travelers from the endless future will cause the timeline to change wildly until it reaches a history in which time travel is never discovered. However, many other "stable" situations may also exist in which time travel occurs but no paradoxes are created; if the changeable-timeline universe finds itself in such a state no further changes will occur, and to the inhabitants of the universe it will appear identical to the type 1.2 scenario. This is sometimes referred to as the "Time Dillution Effect."
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Gradual and instantaneous
In literature, there are two (commonly used) methods of time travel:
1. The most commonly used method of time travel in science fiction is the instantaneous movement from one point in time to another, like using the controls on a CD player to skip to a previous or next song. There is not even the beginning of a scientific explanation for this kind of time travel; it's popular probably because it is more spectacular and makes time travel easier.
2. In The Time Machine, H.G. Wells explains that we are moving through time with a constant speed. Time travel then is, in Wells' words, "stopping or accelerating one's drift along the time-dimension, or even turning about and traveling the other way." To expand on the audio playback analogy used above, this would be like rewinding or fast forwarding an analogue audio cassette and playing the tape at a chosen point. This method of gradual time travel fits best in quantum physics, but is not popular in modern science fiction. Perhaps the oldest example of this method of time travel is in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass (1871): the White Queen is living backwards, hence her memory is working both ways. Her kind of time travel is uncontrolled: she moves through time with a constant speed of -1 and she cannot change it. This would make Lewis Carroll the inventor of time travel. T.H. White, in the first part of his Arthurian novel The Once and Future King, The Sword in the Stone (1938) used the same idea: the wizard Merlyn lives back in time, because he was born "at the wrong end of time" and has to live backwards from in front. "Some people call it having second sight".
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Time travel, or space-time travel?
The classic problem with the concept of "time travel ships" in science fiction is that it invariably treats Earth as the frame of reference in space. The idea that a traveller can go into a machine that sends him or her to "A.D. 1865" and step out into the exact same spot on Earth ignores the issue that Earth is moving through space around the Sun, which is moving in the galaxy, and so on. So, given space-time as four dimensions, and "time travel" referring to just "moving" along one of them, a traveller could not stay in the same place with respect to the surface of Earth, because Earth is a moving platform with a highly complicated trajectory. A vessel that moves "ahead" 5 seconds might materialize in the air, or inside solid rock, depending on where Earth was "before" and "after." In the 2000 AD comic Strontium Dog, Johnny Alpha uses "Time Bombs" to propel an enemy several seconds into the future, during which time the movement of the Earth causes the unfortunate victim to re-materialize in space. To really do what filmmakers make look so easy in films such as the Back to the Future series and The Time Machine, the device might have to be a very powerful spacecraft which could move across large distances in space to compensate for the offset of position associated with the change in time.
A possible rebuttal to this criticism is the fact that cars and airplanes manage to move around the surface of the Earth with it, despite the surface itself moving with an astronomical speed. One could postulate that a time traveller experiences a combination of spatial temporal inertia that makes him move along with the Earth.
In the 1957 Robert Heinlein novel The Door into Summer Heinlein essentially handwaved the issue with a single sentence: "You stay on the world line you were on." In his 1980 novel The Number of the Beast a "continua device" allows the protagonists to dial in the six (not four!) co-ordinates of space and time and it instantly moves them there—without explaining how such a device might work. The television series Seven Days also dealt with this problem; when the chrononaut would be 'rewinding', he would also be propelling himself backwards along the earth's orbit, with the intention of landing in the same place (in space) that he originated."

(all this stuff from 'The presentist view' to the article of 'Time travel, or space-time travel?' comes from Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel#The_.22presentist.22_view)

Ok now that all that shindig stuff is out there, let me get started on how our theory works. You see our idea is based off alot of things but inspired by the movie/book "Fight Club". No we didnt take all aspects of the movie and throw them into one jumbo theory. In the movie /book"Jack" unleashes Tyler. So lets get it started. In order for one to be able to understand all aspects, he/she should have all parts of the brain in full usage. The problem is no one does. Studies say that only about 10% percent of the brain is used while 90% sits untouched. This is where Fight Club comes in. We believe that everyone has a Tyler. A Tyler is someone who is the other parts of the personality/brain who is constantly trying to knock down the door of your usual mind. In order for Tyler to break open the door, one has to allow him. In the subconscious mind we believe that people are constantly fighting the elements that would make them "crazy". Now when one allows Tyler into the conscious mind, one has opened the door to the 90% of the brain that was untouched. The problem is one cant just walk into that part of the brain especially while Tyler is still going. To get rid of Tyler the person has to 'defeat him' or learn to control all aspects of the subconscious and conscious mind. This allows one to freely open and close the door whenever they need.

Time Travel is practically impossible to do in a physical form. We believe that it can only be done at first in spiritual form. Now dont let this fool you-in order to break past the physical barriers that time travel presists, one has to learn how to, by doing stated above. With the ability to unleash the 90% of the rest of the brain, one will learn how to unleash spirtual travel. I'll continue spiritual travel in a minute, but there is more that adds to it.

Scientists have observational proof that black holes do exsist. With this in mind take into effect that wormholes are like two blackholes connected. (This is better understood if you know what a blackhole & wormhole is) Now if we were to travel in physical form, blackholes would rip us apart into particles smaller than you scientists can imagine. So in order to travel through a blackhole, one has to be in a spiritual form. Now according to our theory, a wormhole will propel one back in time because we believe it moves you faster than the speed of light.

Now since one has unleashed the spiritual form and travels back in time, one can then learn to become a physical form, based on the idea that one knows how to go from physical to spiritual. It is based off our idea that one can time travel without machines and fancy gadgets. For more information or questions leave a comment on this blog or "Note to The Ghost" By The Surgeon at http://operationroom.blogspot.com.

References
^ Back to the Future II
^ a b c Black Holes and Time Warps by Kip S. Thorne, page 499
^ Keller, Simon, Michael Nelson (September 2001). "Presentists should believe in time-travel". Australian Journal of Philosophy 79.3: 333-345.
^ Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Fifth Edition, p.1258.
^ Black Holes and Time Warps by Kip S. Thorne p.504
^ Visser, Matt (1993). "From wormhole to time machine: Comments on Hawking's Chronology Protection Conjecture". Physical Review D 47: 554—565. arXiv:hep-th/9202090
^ Visser, Matt (1997). "Traversable wormholes: the Roman ring". Physical Review D 55: 5212—5214. arXiv:gr-qc/9702043
^ Tipler, Frank J (1974). "Rotating Cylinders and the Possibility of Global Causality Violation". Physical Review D 9: 2203.
^ van Stockum, Willem Jacob (1936). "The Gravitational Field of a Distribution of Particles Rotating about an Axis of Symmetry". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
^ Lanczos, Kornel (1924, republished in 1997). "On a Stationary Cosmology in the Sense of Einsteins Theory of Gravitation". General Relativity and Gravitation 29 (3): 363—399. DOI:10.1023/A:1010277120072.
^ Greenberger, Daniel M, Karl Svozil (2005). "Quantum Theory Looks at Time Travel". arXiv:quant-ph/0506027
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Further reading
Davies, Paul (1996). About Time. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-684-81822-1.
Davies, Paul (2002). How to Build a Time Machine. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-14-100534-3.
Gale, Richard M (1968). The Philosophy of Time. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-00042-0.
Gott, J. Richard. Time Travel in Einstein's Universe: The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time. ISBN 0-618-25735-7.
Gribbin, John (1985). In Search of Schrödinger's Cat. Corgi Adult. ISBN 0-552-12555-5.
Miller, Kristie (2005). "Time travel and the open future". Disputatio 1 (19): 223-232.
Nahin, Paul J. (2001). Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics, and Science Fiction. Springer-Verlag New York Inc.. ISBN 0-387-98571-9.
Nikolic, H. "Causal paradoxes: a conflict between relativity and the arrow of time". arXiv:gr-qc/0403121
Pagels, Heinz (1985). Perfect Symmetry, the Search for the Beginning of Time. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-46548-1.
Pickover, Clifford (1999). Time: A Traveler's Guide. Oxford University Press Inc, USA. ISBN 0-19-513096-0.
Randles, Jenny (2005). Breaking the Time Barrier. Simon & Schuster Ltd. ISBN 0-7434-9259-5.
Shore, Graham M. "Constructing Time Machines". Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, Theoretical. arXiv:gr-qc/0210048
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See also
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Speculations
Grandfather paradox
Predestination paradox
Tipler Cylinder
Ronald Mallett
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Claims of time travel
John Titor
Darren Daulton
Chronovisor
Montauk Project
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Fiction, humor
Time travel in fiction
Extratemporals
Thiotimoline
Time loop
Time Traveler Convention
UFO Phil
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External links
Parallel Universes and Time Travel - BBC Article
The logic of time travel: Part 1, by Dr Paul Shackley
The logic of time travel: Part 2, by Dr Paul Shackley
Time Travel and Poul Anderson, by Dr Paul Shackley
Time, Time Travel & Traversable Wormholes and other time travel related science & technology topics
SF Chronophysics, a discussion of Time Travel as it relates to science fiction
On the Net: Time Travel by James Patrick Kelly in Asimov's Science Fiction
Howstuffworks' article on "How Time Travel Will Work"
Time Travel in Flatland?
Zamanda Yolculuk: Turkish Time Travel Research Group
NOVA Online: Time Travel
Time Traveler Convention, at MIT - "Technically, you would only need one..."
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
Time Machines
Time Travel and Modern Physics
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
Time
Time Travel